Coupe du Monde 1938 | |
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1938 FIFA World Cup official poster |
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Tournament details | |
Host country | France |
Dates | 4 June – 19 June |
Teams | 15 (from 4 confederations) |
Venue(s) | 10 (in 10 host cities) |
Final positions | |
Champions | Italy (2nd title) |
Runner-up | Hungary |
Third place | Brazil |
Fourth place | Sweden |
Tournament statistics | |
Matches played | 18 |
Goals scored | 84 (4.67 per match) |
Attendance | 483,000 (26,833 per match) |
Top scorer(s) | Leônidas (7 goals) |
← 1934
1950 →
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The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the third staging of the World Cup, and was held in France from 4 June to 19 June. France was chosen as hosts by FIFA in August 1936. Italy retained the championship, beating Hungary 4–2 in the final.
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FIFA's decision during the celebration of the 1936 Summer Olympics to hold the tournament in France caused outrage in South America where it was believed that the venue would alternate between the two continents. Instead, it was the second tournament in a row to be played in Europe. As a result neither Uruguay nor Argentina entered the competition. Spain became the first country to be out of the World Cup because of a war (the Spanish Civil War).
It was the first time that the hosts (France) and the title holders (Italy) qualified automatically. Title holders were given an automatic entry into the World Cup until 2006 when this was abolished.
Originally 16 nations were going to take part. Austria had qualified but after the Anschluss to Germany in March, they withdrew, leaving 15 teams to take part. FIFA did not offer a place in the finals to the runner-up of the qualification group that Austria played in, Latvia.
This tournament saw the first, and as of 2010 the only, participation in a World Cup finals from Cuba and the Dutch East Indies. It also saw the World Cup debuts of Poland and Norway. Norway would not qualify for another World Cup finals until 1994, while Poland and the Netherlands would not reappear at a finals tournament until 1974.
The tournament was again held in a knockout format, similar to 1934. This was the last tournament where there was not a group stage.
Germany, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Cuba and Brazil were seeded for draw taking place in Paris, on 5 March 1938.[1]
Five of the first round matches required extra time to break the deadlock; two games still went to a replay. In the replays, Switzerland ousted the team of Germany, to which some Austrian players had been added for political reasons, with a score of 4-2, while Cuba managed to advance to the next round at the expense of Romania. This remains, as of 2010, the only time in World Cup history in which Germany was eliminated before reaching the last eight (although the nation did not compete in 1930 or 1950).
Sweden advanced directly to the quarter-finals due to Austria's withdrawal, and they proceeded to beat Cuba 8-0. The hosts, France, were beaten by the holders, Italy, and Switzerland were seen off by Hungary. Czechoslovakia took Brazil to extra time in a notoriously feisty match in Bordeaux before succumbing in a replay; the South Americans proved too strong for the depleted Czechoslovak side (both Oldřich Nejedlý and František Plánička had suffered broken bones in the first game) and won 2-1.
Hungary destroyed Sweden in one of the semi-finals 5-1, while Italy and Brazil had the first of their many important World Cup clashes in the other. The Brazilians rested their star player Leônidas confident that they would qualify for the final, but the Italians won 2-1. Brazil topped Sweden 4-2 for third place.
The final itself took place at the Stade Olympique de Colombes in Paris. Vittorio Pozzo's Italian side took the lead early, but Hungary equalised within two minutes. The Italians took the lead again shortly after, and by the end of the first half were leading the Hungarians 3-1. Hungary never really got back into the game. With the final score favouring the Italians 4-2, Italy became the first team to successfully defend the title and were once more crowned World Cup winners.
Due to World War II, the World Cup would not be held for another 12 years, until 1950. As a result, Italy were the reigning World Cup holders for a record 16 years, from 1934 to 1950. The Italian Vice-President of FIFA, Dr. Ottorino Barassi, hid the trophy in a shoe-box under his bed throughout the Second World War and thus saved it from falling into the hands of occupying troops.[2]
Ten cities hosted the tournament:
For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1938 FIFA World Cup squads.
First round | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | |||||||||||
5 June - Marseille | ||||||||||||||
Italy (a.e.t.) | 2 | |||||||||||||
12 June - Paris | ||||||||||||||
Norway | 1 | |||||||||||||
Italy | 3 | |||||||||||||
5 June - Paris | ||||||||||||||
France | 1 | |||||||||||||
France | 3 | |||||||||||||
16 June - Marseille | ||||||||||||||
Belgium | 1 | |||||||||||||
Italy | 2 | |||||||||||||
5 June - Strasbourg | ||||||||||||||
Brazil | 1 | |||||||||||||
Brazil (a.e.t.) | 6 | |||||||||||||
12 June – Bordeaux (replayed 14 June) |
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Poland | 5 | |||||||||||||
Brazil | 1 (2) | |||||||||||||
5 June - Le Havre | ||||||||||||||
Czechoslovakia | 1 (1) | |||||||||||||
Czechoslovakia (a.e.t.) | 3 | |||||||||||||
19 June – Paris | ||||||||||||||
Netherlands | 0 | |||||||||||||
Italy | 4 | |||||||||||||
5 June - Reims | ||||||||||||||
Hungary | 2 | |||||||||||||
Hungary | 6 | |||||||||||||
12 June - Lille | ||||||||||||||
Dutch East Indies | 0 | |||||||||||||
Hungary | 2 | |||||||||||||
4 June - Paris (replayed 9 June) |
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Switzerland | 0 | |||||||||||||
Switzerland | 1 (4) | |||||||||||||
16 June – Paris | ||||||||||||||
Germany | 1 (2) | |||||||||||||
Hungary | 5 | |||||||||||||
5 June - Lyon | ||||||||||||||
Sweden | 1 | Third place | ||||||||||||
Sweden | w/o | |||||||||||||
12 June - Antibes | 19 June - Bordeaux | |||||||||||||
Austria[3] | — | |||||||||||||
Sweden | 8 | Brazil | 4 | |||||||||||
5 June - Toulouse (replayed 9 June) |
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Cuba | 0 | Sweden | 2 | |||||||||||
Cuba | 3 (2) | |||||||||||||
Romania | 3 (1) | |||||||||||||
4 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Switzerland | 1 – 1 (a.e.t.) | Germany | Parc des Princes, Paris Attendance: ~30,000 Referee: John Langenus (Belgium) |
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Abegglen 43' | Report | Gauchel 29' |
5 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Hungary | 6 – 0 | Dutch East Indies | Vélodrome Municipal, Reims Attendance: ~8,000 Referee: Roger Conrié (France) |
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Kohut 14' Toldi 16' Sárosi 25', 88' Zsengellér 30', 67' |
Report |
5 June 1938 |
Sweden | w/o | Austria | Stade Gerland, Lyon |
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withdrew [3] |
5 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Cuba | 3 – 3 (a.e.t.) | Romania | Stade Chapou, Toulouse Attendance: ~6,000 Referee: Giuseppe Scarpi (Italy) |
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Socorro 44' Fernández 87' Tuñas 117' |
Report | Bindea 35' Baratky 88' Dobay 105' |
5 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
France | 3 – 1 | Belgium | Stade Olympique de Colombes, Paris Attendance: ~32,000 Referee: Hans Wüthrich (Switzerland) |
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Veinante 1' Nicolas 16', 69' |
Report | Isemborghs 38' |
5 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Italy | 2 – 1 (a.e.t.) | Norway | Stade Vélodrome, Marseille Attendance: ~18,000 Referee: Alois Beranek (Germany)[4] |
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Ferraris 2' Piola 94' |
Report | Brustad 83' |
5 June 1938 17:30 (WEST) |
Brazil | 6 – 5 (a.e.t.) | Poland | Stade de la Meinau, Strasbourg Attendance: ~16,000 Referee: Ivan Eklind (Sweden) |
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Leônidas 18', 93', 104' Romeu 25' Perácio 44', 71' |
Report | Scherfke 23' (pen.) Wilimowski 53', 59', 89', 118' |
5 June 1938 18:30 (WEST) |
Czechoslovakia | 3 – 0 (a.e.t.) | Netherlands | Stade Cavée Verte, Le Havre Attendance: 11,000 Referee: Lucien Leclerq (France) |
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Košťálek 93' Nejedlý 111'[5] Zeman 118'[6] |
Report |
9 June 1938 18:00 (WEST) |
Germany | 2 – 4 | Switzerland | Parc des Princes, Paris Attendance: ~22,000 Referee: Ivan Eklind (Sweden) |
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Hahnemann 8' Lörtscher 22' (o.g.) |
Report | Walaschek 42' Bickel 64' Abegglen 75', 78' |
9 June 1938 18:00 (WEST) |
Cuba | 2 – 1 | Romania | Stade Chapou, Toulouse Attendance: ~5,000 Referee: Alfred Birlem (Germany) |
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Socorro 51' Oliveira 57' |
Report | Dobay 35' |
12 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Switzerland | 0 – 2 | Hungary | Stade Victor Boucquey, Lille Attendance: ~14,000 Referee: Rinaldo Barlassina (Italy) |
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Report | Sárosi 40' Zsengellér 89'[7] |
12 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Sweden | 8 – 0 | Cuba | Stade du Fort Carré, Antibes Attendance: 6,846 Referee: Augustin Krist (Czechoslovakia) |
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Keller 9', 80', 81'[8][9][10] Wetterström 32', 37', 44'[11] Nyberg 84' H. Andersson 90'[12] |
Report |
12 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
France | 1 – 3 | Italy | Stade Olympique de Colombes, Paris Attendance: ~58,000 Referee: Louis Baert (Belgium) |
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Heisserer 10' | Report | Colaussi 9' Piola 51', 72' |
12 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Brazil | 1 – 1 (a.e.t.) | Czechoslovakia | Parc Lescure, Bordeaux Attendance: ~25,000 Referee: Pal von Hertzka (Hungary) |
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Leônidas 30' | Report | Nejedlý 65' (pen.) |
14 June 1938 18:00 (WEST) |
Brazil | 2 – 1 | Czechoslovakia | Parc Lescure, Bordeaux Attendance: ~20,000 Referee: George Capdeville (France) |
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Leônidas 57' Roberto 62'[13] |
Report | Kopecký 25' |
16 June 1938 18:00 (WEST) |
Hungary | 5 – 1 | Sweden | Parc des Princes, Paris Attendance: ~22,000 Referee: Lucien Leclerq (France) |
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Zsengellér 19', 39', 85' Sas 37' Sárosi 65' |
Report | Nyberg 1' |
16 June 1938 18:00 (WEST) |
Italy | 2 – 1 | Brazil | Stade Vélodrome, Marseille Attendance: ~30,000 Referee: Hans Wüthrich (Switzerland) |
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Colaussi 55' Meazza 60' (pen.) |
Report | Romeu 87' |
19 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Sweden | 2 – 4 | Brazil | Parc Lescure, Bordeaux Attendance: ~20,000 Referee: John Langenus (Belgium) |
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Jonasson 28' Nyberg 38' |
Report | Romeu 44' Leônidas 63', 74' Perácio 80' |
19 June 1938 17:00 (WEST) |
Hungary | 2 – 4 | Italy | Stade Olympique de Colombes, Paris Attendance: ~60,000 Referee: George Capdeville (France) |
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Titkos 8' Sárosi 70' |
Report | Colaussi 6', 35' Piola 16', 82'[14] |
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In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[15]. The rankings for the 1938 tournament were as follows:
Final
3rd and 4th place
Eliminated in the quarter-finals
Eliminated in the round of 16
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